Abstract
This study explores the impact of formalin modification on the physical properties of bitumen extracted from natural rock. The bitumen was chemically treated at 120 °C and 15 atm to introduce reactive functional groups into its molecular structure. Standard physical tests revealed a 25.7% decrease in penetration and a 22.5% reduction in ductility, indicating enhanced stiffness and cohesion. Meanwhile, the softening point increased by 17.4%, confirming improved thermal resistance. These performance enhancements are attributed to the formation of cross-linked networks and polar groups that strengthen the bitumen matrix. The findings support the use of formalin-modified natural bitumen as a viable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum binders for pavement applications.
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