PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS BY ACTIVATING NATURAL MINERALS IN UZBEKISTAN USING MICROORGANISMS

Abstract

This study aims to develop environmentally safe and efficient phosphorus–potassium fertilizers through the biotechnological activation of natural minerals available in Uzbekistan. The research employed mechanical grinding and magnetic separation of glauconite, followed by biotechnological treatment using phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Penicillium species. Phosphorite flour served as the phosphorus source, while glauconite provided potassium and contributed to soil improvement. The results demonstrate that microbial activation enhances the solubility and bioavailability of phosphorus, while the ion-exchange properties of glauconite facilitate the gradual release of potassium. The combined application of these minerals produces a slow-release fertilizer with improved agronomic efficiency, reduced nutrient leaching, and enhanced environmental safety. It is concluded that the phosphorite–glauconite system represents a promising, resource-efficient approach to fertilizer production, particularly suitable for acidic and irrigated soils, and supports the sustainable development of agriculture through the utilization of local mineral resources.