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Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the functional parameters of the cardiorespiratory and nervous systems in athletes engaged in cyclic sports in order to determine their level of adaptation to prolonged aerobic loads . The study involved 60 participants (40 athletes and 20 control subjects) aged 18–25 years. Methods included electrocardiography, spirometry, functional tests (Ruffier test, Harvard step test), as well as analysis of heart rate variability and neurodynamic indicators. The results demonstrated that athletes exhibited significantly lower resting heart rate, higher vital lung capacity, greater heart rate variability, and faster motor reaction time compared to the control group (p<0.05). These findings indicate the formation of an economical type of physiological regulation and high efficiency of adaptive mechanisms. It is concluded that comprehensive monitoring of functional status is essential for optimizing the training process and preventing overtraining.
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